Molluscoida of St. Andrews. 303 



Andrews — thougli at present they appear to be confined to the 

 other areas, which have been more thoroughly investigated by 

 observers specially skilled in this department. Bicellaria 

 ciliata and Bugida inirinirotincta seem to be more common at 

 St. Andrews than in Shetland, the latter form being especially 

 abundant and fine, and apparently taking the place of the 

 B. lAiimosa of the southern shores ; Menii'tea ternata and 

 Bugula Murrayana are likewise in considerable profusion and 

 in fine condition ; while the southern Flustra clmrtacea is 

 wholly absent. The species of the Merabraniporidai, perhaps, 

 are more abundant in Shetland; and theZe^jraZ/fe are decidedly 

 more numerous there and in the extreme south. Amongst the 

 more conspicuous forms we notice the entire absence of Le^yralia 

 PaUasiana^ so common in the extreme west and south, and 

 of the characteristic L. innominata and L. Jigidaris of the 

 latter. The Celleporidae are abundant, but the species are 

 few. Cellepora avicularis is exceptionally rich, according to 

 Mr. Hincks ; and the same high authority in this department 

 states that the sole specimen of Eschara Skenei is fine. 



The Cyclostomatous forms are not numerous ] but all the 

 examples are abundant ; and the same may be said of the 

 Ctenostomata. The late Dr. John lleid mentions Vesicularia 

 spinosa as growing near low-water mark ; but I have not been 

 successful in finding it. The Zetlandic Hornera and the rich 

 tufts of Amatliia lendigera^ so plentiful in the south, are 

 altogether absent. 



On the whole it would appear that the Hebridean, Zetlandic, 

 and southern waters furnish a richer field for the Polyzoa than 

 our eastern shores, not only as regards the number of species, 

 but the condition and size of the specimens. I need only 

 allude, for instance, to the luxuriance of the branching 

 Celleporida3 and Reteporffi of the Hebrides and Shetland, and 

 the extraordinary beauty and profusion of the Escharida3 and 

 LepralifB, and indeed of the whole group, in the extreme south 

 and in the Channel Islands, both between tide-marks and on 

 the shell-banks around. 



The arrangement followed is that of Mr. Busk in his 

 accurate and well-known and beautifully-illustrated 'Cata- 

 logue ; ' and I have further derived great assistance from the 

 valuable Catalogue of the Zoophytes of Northumberland and 

 Durham by the lamented Joshua Alder, and the extensive 

 Zetlandic lists by the llev. A. M. Norman. I have also to 

 thank Mr. Hincks for his kindness in revising the list and 

 making several additions, and to acknowledge the information 

 derived from his careful and original (Catalogue of the soutliern 

 forms. 



