390 Miscellaneous. 



type of Cynognathus, with a principal cusp flanked back and front 

 by a small cusp, with a smaller accessor}' posterior cusp in the four 

 hindermost teeth. As in all species of the genus the mandibular 

 symphysis is long, oblique, and completely obliterated. There is a 

 large pit with sharp margin in the median line in front of the 

 orbits, which may be a generic difference from Ci/nognathus, since 

 it occurs in the area in which other specimens show indications of a 

 thin supra-nasal ossification flanked by o. pair of small hemispherical 

 concavities. It is indicated as C. leptorhiniis. 



Triholodon frerensis is the name given to a dentary bone with 

 few three-pronged teeth widely separated from each other standing 

 high above the jaw. With this jaw is associated a femur which 

 shows the transverse development of the great trochanter as strongly 

 developed at the proximal end of the bone as in Ichtlvjosaiirus, so 

 that the trochanter minor of mammals only represents that of 

 Theriodonts in miniature, the trochanter being more developed than 

 in Saurischia or any other reptiles. With it is associated a right 

 tibia, which is somewhat curved and nearly as long as the femur. 



These Cynodont remains have given no certain evidence o-f the 

 extremities of the limbs ; but, with this exception, they make known 

 the entire skeleton for the first time in an African Theriodont, 

 furnishing data for comparison with mammals and reptiles in every 

 part of the skeleton preserved. — From the Froceedhigs of the Royal 

 Society. (Communicated by the Author.) 



Tlie Faiinal Regions of Australia. By C. Hedlet, F.L.S. 



The discrimination of the various provinces into which the 

 Australian fauna and flora group themselves has been frequently 

 attempted. To the earlier naturalists, from a study of scanty 

 material and with little or no peisonal knowledge of the continent, 

 four divisions of east and west, temperate and tropical, seemed 

 natural and sufficient. Hooker's ' Essay on the Australian Flora ' 

 paved the way for a better understanding of the relations which 

 various localities bore to each other. Owing to fundamental errors 

 of his interpretation of Australian geology, Wallace's treatment of 

 the subject in ' Island Life ' is of but slight value. To the writer, 

 the most successful arrangement of the various biological regions 

 yet proposed is that sketched by Professor Tate, in his address 

 to the first meeting of this Association. This author accepts two 

 main biological divisions — the Autochthonian, developed in west 

 Australia, and the Euronotian, seated in eastern Australia and 

 Tasmania ; a subsidiary division, less in value and derivable from 

 both the above, is the Eremian, or desert fauna and flora. 



Taking this disposition as the basis of my remarks, I would 

 observe that eastern Australia contains two distinct biological popu- 

 lations, where Professor Tate has located one — the Euronotian. 

 This title, I propose, should be reserved for that fauna and flora 

 characteristic of Tasmania, Victoria, and southern ]S'ew South Wales ; 

 while the second and very distinct fauna and flora developed on the 



