450 Rev. Canon Norman — A Month on 



falls back, forming here, as Busk says, " a sort of step ; " from 

 this point it arches very gently forTvard, terminating in a spine- 

 point ; this spine-point is rather larger than in the last species 

 and extends beyond the anterior margin of the zooecium ; 

 viewed laterally (fig. 8) it is seen that the back of the zooecium 

 is very convex, the form being spoon-shaped and reminding 

 one of that of the cell in Mollia 'patellaria^ Moll*. The 

 avicularium (fig. 7) is much shorter and stouter than in 

 the last species, and is attached behind the middle of the 

 zooecium to the " step " described ; when directed forwards 

 it does not nearly reach the end of the lateral margin. 



Thus both in form of zooecium and avicularium this species 

 is quite distinct from K. Sviitti. 



The figures of the avicularia in the ' Challenger ' Report 

 are very inexact. They are represented as mounted on a 

 pedicel, and in some instances an articulation is drawn at the 

 summit of the pedicel. There is nothing of this. The avicu- 

 larium itself tapers downwards to a very small point, which 

 point is the attachment to the zooecium. 



I do not see in my specimens of K. Smitti that the " lower 

 narrower part of the posterior surface " is " transversely 

 striated," as described by Danielssen and Koren, and referred 

 to by Busk as perhaps of specific importance to distinguish 

 that species from K. cyatJius. 



An interesting point in Kinekoskias is the development of 

 the mass of root-fibres by which the species anchor themselves 

 in the mud. Observations on this subject will be found in 

 Busk's paper in Quart. Journ. Micr. Sci. I do not remember 

 any other Polyzoa which liave rootlets of tliis character, though 

 different species have very varied modes of attachment. But 

 it is an interesting fact that among many classes of mud- 

 inhabiting animals similar modes of anchoring are found. 

 The throwing out of a bundle of fibrous processes which, 

 permeating through the fine mud in all directions, act in the 

 way of roots to support the animal in an upright position, 

 occurs not only in Kinekoskias among the Polyzoa, but also 

 among the Echinodermata in RMzocrinus lofotensis^ M. Sars, 

 among the Hydrozoa in Aglaoplienia radiceUata, G. O. Sars, 

 and among the Spongozoa in many species, preeminently in 

 iStylocordyla horealis, Loven, and IS. stipitata^ Carter. 



* "Why is Diachoris, Busk, 1851, used for this genus instead of Mollia, 

 Lamouruux, 1816 ? The fact that the name has been misapplied hy some 

 authors is uo reason why it should not be rightly used, and l£scha7-a patel- 

 laria, Moll, is the type of Lamouroux's genus. 



