BihUographical Notices. 387 



cxpniKled as fhoy aic in that specimen, iicitlier are they rjiiite 

 80 Inrge. The degree of " cuppiness" in this coral appears, 

 however, to be directly dependent upon the character of its 

 environment. Where the bottom is liard and free from mud, 

 tlien will the calyx be deep, but where (as is tlie case in 

 many parts of the Straits, and notably at tho spot where the 

 'Challenger' specimen was obtained) the bottom consists 

 largely of soft mud the coral will then be more or less fiat- 

 tened out. This modification is, of course, only what we 

 might, a prioi-i, expect to occur; for if a coral living on miid 

 had a deep cup, this would very soon become filled with 

 sediment. So far as my experience goes, mud is the greatest 

 enemy a coral has to dread, and one frequently finds special 

 adaptations to enable it to exist on muddy ground. Thus, 

 specimens of Turhinaria from muddy bottom often present a 

 convex upper suiface instead of possessing the normal cup- 

 shape, or one side of the cup may be notched or hollowed out, 

 or, again, the cup may be perforated at its base in order to 

 enable the mud to escape, and thus to prevent the clogging 

 of the coral. 



It is not my intention here to enter further into a considera- 

 tion of the morphology and relationships of Moseleya, as the 

 elucidation of these questions will, I hope, be undertaken at 

 the much more competent hands of Mi. H. M. Bernard. 



BIBLIOGKA TH ICA L NOTICES. 



Dit Minxik- lies Menschtn. By Hexky Hughks. Frankfurt-a.-M. : 

 Johannes Alt"^ ItOO. Pp. xi, 423. 



Students of psychology should extend this treatise a hearty welcome. 

 It is comprehensive in its scope, and the various scrtions are 

 skilfully condcnstd, yet so as to lose nothing for the sake of brevity. 

 The book is divided into five sections or chapters, and these again 

 are subdivided into smaller sections, thus facilitating reference. 



What seem to ho omissions are probably intentional on the part 

 of the author. Sub-section V. of Section II. is historical in character, 

 and claims to be a phase of the subject hitherto untouched. We 

 quite agree with the author that the attitude of caution should be 

 ours when drawing conclusions from purely lay-sources relative to 

 incidents of animal instinct and expressions of tho emotions. We 

 wish that this section — the section, moreover, most likely to iuterest 

 readers of this journal — had been more fully treated. 



The illustrations certaiidy leave much to be desired: for the 

 most part they have l)een drawn from other works; some of them 

 are old, and none of them are bcuuliful. They are unworthy of the 

 rest of tho book. 



