170 Report of the Brown-Harvard Expedition. 



colored ones of the arctic raspberry {Rubus arcticus). This 

 also, so far as our experience could determine, had about the 

 same limits and was equally rare in fruit. Bunchberry 

 {Cornus Canadensis) is likewise very common, especially in 

 the south, and grows in thick groups. Dense tufts of the 

 white-flowered Diapensia Lapponica and of the beautiful 

 moss-like pink Silene acanlis greet the eye continually. 

 Astragalus and Oxytropis, Dryas, a great variety of saxifrages, 

 Sedum, Pedicularis, the violet-like Pinguicida, and many in- 

 conspicuous Cruciferce and Caryophyllacece complete the list 

 of forms more universally present in the early part of the 

 season. 



After the beginning of August, when we had reached a 

 higher latitude, the character of the vegetation changed 

 considerably. Caribou moss, curlew-berry, blueberry, and 

 Arctostaphylos still remained the most continuous growths. 

 But the flowers began to change to more autumnal forms. 

 The arctic golden-rod (Solidago Virga-aurea and S. macro- 

 phylla) appeared abundantly. The large, showy pink flowers 

 of the Epilobium and the thick pink heads of Lychnis were 

 very prominent. Yellow Arnica alpina and delicate blue hare- 

 bells {Campanula) were common. A yellow poppy (Papaver 

 nudicaule) with early deciduous petals was not infrequent on 

 the hill-tops. A strikingly beautiful flower, though a rare 

 one, was the small twin-flower {Linncea borealis). Fungi, in- 

 cluding Boleti, Riissulce, and various agarics, also become 

 very abundant toward the close of the summer; they were 

 fairly numerous in the north, and the moist woods about 

 Nain and Hopedale were full of them. 



Along the shore, in addition to many of the above va- 

 rieties, several other plants were of very frequent occur- 



