182 MICRO-ORGANISMS AND FERMENTATION. 



The cells grown in wort are small, oval, and sometimes 

 sausage-shaped, and in their microscopic appearance they 

 resemble the Torula species. When the development has 

 gone on for some time many of the cells both in the sediment 

 and in the film are found to contain spores. 



The spores are developed on various substrata, both liquid 

 and solid, and also under conditions where abundant nutri- 

 ment is present. In an ordinary gypsum-block culture a 

 moderately abundant development of spores is obtained after 

 forty hours at 25 C. 



The form of the spores is highly characteristic (Fig. 47) ; 

 it resembles a hemisphere with a projecting rim round the 

 base. On germination the spores swell and develop buds 

 (see Fig. 31). 



FIG. 47. 



Spores of Saccharomyces anomalus. after Hansen. Some spores are free, 

 others enclosed in the mother-cells. At the bottom, on the right-hand 

 side, are three spores, surrounded by the burst wall of the mother-cell. 



After Hansen had drawn attention to the above curious 

 Sacckaromyces species, it, and probably other allied species, 

 were also observed by Holm, Lindner, and Will, who likewise 

 found it in impure brewery yeast. Yeasts yielding hat-shaped 

 spores appear in fact to be by no means uncommon. 



As was previously mentioned, the spores of this fungus 

 resemble those of Endomyces decipiens, and a relationship 

 perhaps exists between this Saccharomyces and the fungus 

 named. As yet, however, no proof has been forthcoming 

 in support of this. 



SACCHAROMYCES CONGLOMERATUS. KEESS. 



This species is described by Reess as follows : " Eound 

 budding cells, of 5 to 6 p diameter, united in clusters, which 



