ALCOHOLIC FERMENTS. 



191 



months. Dextrose solutions of the above concentration and 

 under similar conditions gave 6*6 and 8*5 per cent, of alcohol 

 by volume. 



The seventh species (Figs. 51 and 52) was found in the soil 

 under grape-vines. The sedimentary cells are most frequently 

 oval and in part larger than those of the last species. The 

 cells of the films are partly very irregular in form. This 

 Torula produces only 1 per cent, (volume) of alcohol in 

 wort, does not ferment maltose, and neither ferments nor 

 inverts cane-sugar. In 10 per cent, and 15 per cent, solu- 

 tions of dextrose in yeast-water it gives 4*6 and 4'5 per 



FIG. 52. 



Torula, after Hansen : same species as Fig. 51. Film-formation on a wort 

 culture ten months old. 



cent, by volume of alcohol after 15 days at 25 C., and 

 4-8 and 4*7 per cent, after 28 days. In two other flasks 

 4*8 and 5-3 per cent, of alcohol had been produced after 

 long standing. Hansen assumes that this species takes 

 part in vinous fermentation, and considers it probable 

 that species such as the sixth and seventh, which produce 

 a vigorous fermentation in dextrose solutions, take part in 

 the fermentation of grape-juice and other fruits. On the 

 other hand they have probably little importance in breweries 

 and distilleries since they are unable to ferment maltose. 

 Another species of Torula (Torula Novae Carlsbergice), 



