ALCOHOLIC FERMENTS. 197 



assume quite different forms, sausage-shaped, half-moon- 

 shaped, bacteria-like, &c. (g m). Is there now any rule 

 in this apparent confusion of forms ? It was shown above 

 that the fungus can form two kinds of buds, and that the 

 oval buds must develop one or more new buds before they can 

 assume the typical form. The question then is : Under what 

 conditions are those two kinds of buds developed ? It was 

 shown by means of culture experiments that the lemon- 

 shaped buds are developed especially during the first stages 

 of the culture, but are afterwards crowded out by the oval 

 forms. 



We will now give a further description of the fungus 

 from a physiological and biological standpoint. 



Saccharomyces apiculatus is a bottom-fermentation 

 yeast, which is capable of exciting alcoholic fermentation 

 in beer-wort ; the fermentation in this liquid is, however, a 

 feeble one, only 1 per cent, (volume) of alcohol being 

 produced, whilst Saccharomyces cerevisice (bottom-yeast) 

 under the same conditions gives 6 per cent, by volume of 

 alcohol. This arises from the fact that Sacch. apiculatus 

 cannot ferment maltose. Hansen also found that it does not 

 secrete invertase. On the other hand it excites a vigorous 

 fermentation in 15 per cent, and 10 per cent, solutions of 

 dextrose in yeast water, and in one experiment as much as 

 3 per cent, (volume) of alcohol was formed. After three 

 months the liquid still contained sugar, whilst the amount 

 of alcohol had not increased during the last one and a half 

 months. The fungus was thus unable to complete the 

 fermentation. In another of Hansen's experiments as much 

 as 4'3 per cent, (volume) of alcohol was produced. 



It was found from experiments, in which a mixture of 

 this .fungus with Saccharomyces cerevisice was grown in 

 beer-wort, that, being the weaker species, it was crowded 

 out by the latter, although it retarded the Sacch. cerevisice 

 to no small degree. 



In flasks with the same beer-wort, and at the same tern- 



