C(ELENTEKA 883 



body are effected by the like agency of paddles arranged in meridional 

 bands. These are splendidly luminous in the dark, and the lumi- 

 nosity is retained even by fragments of their bodies, being augmented 

 by agitation of the water containing them. All the Ctenophora are 

 reproduced from eggs, and are already quite advanced in their deve- 

 lopment by the time they are hatched. Long before they escape, 

 indeed, they swim about with great activity within the walls of their 

 diminutive prison, their rows of locomotive paddles early attaining 

 a large size, although the long flexile tentacles of Cydippe are then 

 only short stumpy protuberances. By Cceloplana and Cteiwplana 

 the Ctenophora appear to be allied to the Planarian Worms. 1 



Those who may desire to acquire a "more systematic and detailed acquaintance 

 with the zoophyte group may be especially referred to the following treatises and 

 memoirs, in addition to those already cited, and to the various recent systematic 

 treatises on zoology : Dr. Johnston's History of British Zoophytes ; Professor Milne- 

 Edwards's ' Recherches sur les Polypes,' and his ' Histoire des Corallaires ' (in the 

 Suites a Buff on), Paris, 1857 ; Professor Van Beneden, ' Sur les Tubulaires ' and ' Sur les 

 Campanulaires,' in Mem. de I'Acad. Hoy. de Bruxelles, torn, xvii., and his ' Recherches 

 sur 1'Hist. Nat. des Polypes qui frequenteiit les Cotes de Belgique,' op. cit. torn. 

 xxxvi. ; Sir J. G. Dalyell's Hare and Bemarkable Animals of Scotland, vol. i. ; 

 Trembley's Mem. pour serv/r <'i fjiinfoin- d'un genre de Polype d'eau douce] M. 

 Hollard's 'Monographic du Genre Actinia 1 in Ann. des Sci. Nat. ser. iii. torn. xv. ; 

 Professor Max Schultze, ' On the Male Reproductive Organs of Campanularia genicu- 

 lata ' in Quart. Jon rn. Mirr. Sci. vol. iii. 1855, p. 59; Professor P. E. Schulze's memoirs 

 on Cordijlopliora lacustris, Leipzig, 1871, and on Syncoryne, 1873 : Professor Agassiz's 

 beautiful monograph on American Medusae, forming the third volume of his Contri- 

 butions to the Natural History of the United States of America ; Mr. Hincks's 

 British Hydroid- Zoophytes ; Professor Allman's admirable memoirs on Cordylophora, 

 iind Myriothela in the Phil. Trans, for 1853 and 1875 ; Professor Lacaze-Duthiers's 

 Hist. Nat. du Corail, Paris, 1864, and his essays on the Development of Corals, in 

 vols. i. and ii. of the Archives de Zool. experimental ; Professor J. R. Greene's 

 Manual of the Sub-kingdom Coelenterata, which contains a bibliography very com- 

 plete to the date of its publication, and the articles ' Actinozoa,' ' Ctenophora,' and 

 ' Hydrozoa ' in the supplement to the Natural History Division of the English Cyclo- 

 pcedia. The Ctenophora are specially treated of in vol. iii. of Professor Agassiz's 

 Contributions to the Natural History of the United States. See also Professor 

 Alex. Agassiz's Seaside Studies in Natural History and his Illustrated Catalogue 

 of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College', Professor James 

 Clark in American Journal of Science, ser. ii. vol. xxxv. p. 348; Dr. D. Macdonald in 

 Trans. EOIJ. Soc Edinb. vol. xxiii. p. 515 ; Mr. H. N. Moseley, ' On the Structure of 

 a Species of Millepora,' in Phil. Trans. 1877, p. 117, and ' On the Structure of the 

 Stylasterida,' ibid. 1878, p. 425 ; and 011 the Acaleplice, Professor Haeckel's Beitrdge 

 zur Naturgeschichte der H/jdroinedusen ; the masterly work of the brothers Hertwig, 

 Das Nervensystem und die Sinnesorgane der Medusen, 1878 ; and the memoir of 

 Professor Schafer, ' On the Nervous System of Aurelia aunt a,' in Phil. Trans. 1878, 

 p. 563. Of later treatises Professor Ray Lankester's article 011 Hydrozoa, in the 9th 

 edition of the Encyclopedia Britannica; the 'Challenger* Reports of Professor 

 Altaian 011 the Hydroida (Pluniulariidse only), Professor Haeckel on the Medusae, 

 Professor Moseley 011 Deep-sea Corals, Dr. R. Hertwig on the Actiniaria, Professors 

 E. P. Wright and Studer 011 the Alcyoiiaria, and Mr. George Brook on the Antipatharia ; 

 the monographs by Dr. A. Andres on Actiniae and by Dr. C. Chun on Ctenophora, 

 published in the Fauna und Flora des Golfes von Neapel, should be consulted. 

 Dr. Chun has made some progress with a general account of the Ccelentera in Bronn's 

 ' Thierreich,' Bd. ii. Abth. 2. On fresh-water Medusa?, see Mr. R. T. Giinther 

 iu Quart. Jount. M/t-r. Sri. xxxvi. p. 284. 



1 See Korotneff, ZritxcJn: f. wise. Z.1,,1. xliii. p. -242, and Dr. A. Willey Quart. 

 Journ. Micr. Sci. xxxix. p. S23. 



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