EVOLUTION AS A WORKING HYPOTHESIS. O 



science mostly done. Those who would continue 

 work must study not living objects, but the laws that 

 govern them. " Whether planets, or mountains, or mol- 

 lusks, or subjunctive modes, or tribal confederacies be 

 the things studied, the scholars who have studied them 

 most fruitfully were those who have studied them as 

 phases of development. Their work has directed 

 the current of thought." John Fiske. 



IV. Evolution as a System of Philosophy. Work of 

 Herbert Spencer, John Fiske, and others. Systems of 

 philosophy based on scientific knowledge can be re- 

 written as knowledge progresses. Systems resting on 

 aphorisms, or definitions, or assumptions must wholly 

 die as knowledge increases. Philosophy never iden- 

 tical with truth. Partial truth in philosophy becomes 

 absolute falsehood as the growth of exact knowledge 

 transforms the truth to science, leaving the error. 

 Conflict between science and philosophy. Phil- 

 osophy the evanescent perspective in which the facts 

 and phenomena of the universe are seen. Philos- 

 ophy changes with the point of view. Science the 

 same to all minds capable of grasping it. 



