THE INHERITANCE OF ACQUIRED CHARACTERS. 29 



posed Lamarckian principle : Inheritance of acquired 

 character. 



The Madeira beetles, without wings. (1) Their 

 wings lost through inherited disuse. Lamarckian 

 principle. (2) Their wings lost through natural 

 selection. Darwinian principle. 



The webbing of ducks' feet. (1) Grows through in- 

 herited results of effort. (2) Grows through natural 

 selection. 



Fishes in caves become blind. (1) Through in- 

 herited disuse. (2) Through panmixia or cessation 

 of selection. 



The monkey's dread of snakes. 



The mocking-bird's dread of owls. 



Pointer dogs. Snapping turtles. Pawing for water. 



Change of feet of animals through strains on ankle- 

 bones. 



Has functional activity a directive power, as giving 

 a line of least resistance to activity of next generation ? 



Inheritance of education ; noble effort. 



Experience ; effects of environment. Is my hered- 

 ity my grandfather's environment ? Is there reality 

 in Ibsen's "Ghosts"? (1) Inheritance of mutila- 

 tions ; experiments of Brown-Sequard. (2) Previous 

 fertilizations ; horse and jack. (3) Pre-natal im- 

 pressions ; many cases on record ; few of them veri- 

 fied ; none conclusive. Watching the reapers day by 

 day, that the child may love the harvests. Striped 

 calves ; Weismann's sheep. 



Diversion of heredity by forces not understood. In- 

 heritance of acquired characters less than usually 

 supposed. If existing at all, probably chiefly in- 



