LECTURE XXL 



THE LAW OF INDIVIDUALITY. 



Xo two individuals exactly alike. The " divine 

 initiative" in the individual which prevents it from 

 being a slavish copy of any who have gone before. 

 Intensified by specialization of parts, as it gives play 

 for more perfect division of labor, for greater play of 

 variation. 



Every advance gives room for more protoplasm. 

 "There is always room for the man of force, and he 

 makes room for many." The world is never full of 

 life, for there is always room for something better 

 adapted to each set of its varied conditions. 



Individuality produced by : 



1. Double parentage. 



2. Division of hereditary material in ova and 

 spermatozoa ; formation of polar bodies, Nature's con- 

 trivances to insure variation. 



3. Law of acceleration and retardation. 



4. Law of use and effort ; effects of self-activity. 



5. Variation in environment ; little direct effect 

 except through its effect on self-activity, and through 

 the weeding-out process of natural selection ; destruc- 

 tion of the unadapted. 



6. Other laws not yet understood. 



Survival of the fittest dependent on existence of the 

 fittest. " Origin of the fittest " a difficult and, in some 

 degree, unsolved problem. 



