68 THE ORIGIN OF GOODNESS. 



Altruistic impulses developed into moral rules or 

 principles. (3) Society in its own interest curbs self- 

 ishness, and stimulates self-sacrifice by ethical codes 

 and religions and moral ideals. 



Simple ethical forms. Love, hate, sympathy, pity, 

 malice, generosity, greed, revenge. 



Derivative ethical forms. Sense of honor, of duty, 

 of sin, conscience, remorse, repentance, self-renuncia- 

 tion, self-mortification, contrition, atonement, justice, 

 veracity, honesty. 



Altruism and our duties to others. Mother love, 

 conjugal love, filial affection, claims of kindred, caste 

 and professional spirit, esprit du corps, loyalty, patriot- 

 ism, civism, philanthropy, humanitarianism. 



The so-called duties to self. Partly altruistic 

 cleanliness, decency, chastity; partly egoistic tem- 

 perance, self-control, abstinence from suicide ; partly 

 esthetic - abstinence from sensuality, brutishness, 

 gluttony, filthiness, uncouthness, slovenliness. 



The foundations of altruism. Shall we give a cup 

 of water to the thirsty wayfarer for the sake of a re- 

 ward in this life "casting bread on the waters" ; or 

 in another life Mohammedan paradise ; because it is 

 God's will the "Commandments" ; from a sense of 

 duty " Categorical Imperative " ; for the sake of some 

 one we love "in His name" ; or for the sake of the 

 wayfarer himself ? 



The justification of altruism. Whence flow our chief 

 miseries. How men torture each other. Each can in- 

 flict more injury than he can ward off. Egoism leads 

 to collision, strife, wounds, pain, and disappointment ; 



