LECTURE XXXI. 



THE INDUSTRIAL STRUGGLE FOR EXISTENCE. 

 Dr. Amos G. Warner. 



I. The number of persons who can maintain a given 

 standard of living in a given territory depends upon 



1. Original resources of the district. 



2. Amount and character of accumulated informa- 

 tion. State of the arts and sciences, and the organ- 

 ization of industry. 



3. Character of the people, especially as to physique, 

 intelligence, and morality. 



4. Amount of accumulated capital. 



II. The expansibility of the civilized man tends 



1 . To limit population before the pathological checks 

 of war, pestilence, and famine are operative ; but 



2. To maintain the struggle for existence even when 

 there is no absolute pressure of population against the 

 means of subsistence. If all were content with the 

 bare necessities of life, Europe could support a popu- 

 lation of eight hundred millions. " Progressive de- 

 sire" makes it common for one man to consume what 

 would suffice for the maintenance of thousands. 



III. The industrial struggle for existence is to secure 

 possession of economic goods. It is waged 



1. Between man and natural forces, including plants 

 and animals as a part of Nature-distinct-from-man. 



