LECTURE XLI. 

 MAN'S PLACE IN NATURE. 



Title from Huxley. Essential fact of biology that 

 man's place is in Nature. Part and parcel of Nature. 



If homology indicates blood relationship, nowhere 

 are homologies more clear than between men and 

 monkeys. 



Man differs from average Old World monkey struc- 

 turally, less than these differ from each other. An 

 outside intellect would not doubt his blood relation- 

 ship with them. Our doubts arise from the fact that 

 man is an interested party. 



Group of primates. 



Attempts to separate man as a group from other 

 primates. Structural distinctions slight. Tail. Hair. 

 Form of great toe. Length of arm. Attitude in walk- 

 ing. Size of lower jaw. Size of brain. 



Mental distinctions very great : speech ; memory ; 

 abstract thought ; use of tools ; ability to make rec- 

 ords ; to look before and after ; ethical sense ; recog- 

 nition of property rights ; perfection of cooperation. 

 Evolution of power of choice ; how and why this has 

 arisen. All these relative ; increasing with increasing 

 civilization ; possessed in slight degree by apes ; in 

 not much greater degree by primitive man. 



Primary division among primates into Lemurs, the 

 original stock; Old World monkeys with narrow noses; 



