98 MAN'S PLACE IN NATURE. 



Difficulties in the study of the origin of man. 



Barbarous man writes no history. Leaves no record 

 but tools of stone or bone. Iron rusts ; bones decay ; 

 wood decays. Fossils only formed by burying of hard- 

 parts from air, in quicksands, caves, and coral reefs. 



Men and monkeys have almost no fossil remains. 



Less primitive man destroys all remains of more 

 primitive man. Love for antiquity a modern matter. 



Oldest men recorded in history scarcely nearer the 

 beginning of man than we are now. The idea of his- 

 tory implies civilization. 



Study of origin of man conducted at great disad- 

 vantage ; hence not pursued as more fruitful studies 

 are. Embryology has yielded more light than archae- 

 ology ; indirect than direct methods. 



Search for missing links. What is a missing link ? 

 say between horse and cow ? Not a horse-cow, but a 

 generalized animal, like an embryo horse or cow in 

 structure, and capable of developing into either by 

 specialized influences. So missing link not a man-ape, 

 or ape-man, but a generalized creature, in internal 

 structure like a new-born child. The primitive race, 

 child-like race. The apes dwarfed old men who have 

 developed in another and narrower fashion. 



Earliest human remains ; some ape-like, but not 

 more so than Australians and some negroes. Blue- 

 gum negroes, blue-gum apes. Old-time folks. 



Speech of apes. Their intelligence, mischief, and 

 cruelty ; their tenderness and unconventionally. The 

 story of Bimi (Kipling). 



Growth of human qualities: (1) Migration; (2) use 

 of tools ; (3) speech ; (4) record ; (5) property rights ; 



