BUILDING CONCRETE WALL. 109 



thickness of the wall and the thickness, of the plank for 

 the boxes. The plank should be 14 inches wide, IK inches 

 thick, and of a length to accommodate the wall. If the 

 wall is 32 feet long, then 16-feet plank will be the right 

 length. If these standards are placed 15 inches apart, the 

 plank inside the standards would leave 12 inches for the 

 wall. These standards are held the proper distance at the 

 bottom by nailing a thin piece of board across under the 

 lower end, and fastening the tops with a cross-piece. The 

 wall is built over these pieces at the bottom, and they are 

 left in the wall. The standards are plumbed, and made fast 

 by braces outside. Now, it will be seen that these planks 

 can be moved upon the inside of the standards as fast as 

 the wall goes up. The planks on the outside of the wall 

 will, of course, be longer than those on the inside, by the 

 thickness of the wall. The door frames and window 

 frames will have jambs as wide as the wall is thick, and 

 will make standards for that place. The door frames must 

 be placed before the wall is begun. There will be a pair of 

 standards at each end of the plank ; but the pair in the 

 middle of the wall will hold the ends of both planks. To 

 hold the planks from springing out between the standards, 

 take a piece of narrow hard-wood board, two feet long, 

 bore a two-inch hole at each end, having fifteen inches 

 between them ; put a strong pin, two feet long, through 

 these holes some ten inches. Now, these pins will just fit 

 over the outside of the box-plank, and by putting a brace 

 between the upper ends will hold them tight against the 

 plank, preventing their springing out. Two of these 

 clamps will be required for each set of planks 16 feet long. 

 Now, when the box-planks are placed all around the wall, 

 begin and fill in the concrete mortar and stone, as herein- 

 after described ; and when you get round, if water-lime is 

 used, you may raise the plank one foot and go around 

 again, raising the wall one foot each day, if you have men 



