BASEMENT FOR CATTLE. 119 



four cross sills, 40 feet apart, to tie the barn together at 

 the bottom, and two sills running lengthwise, one on each 

 side of the floor that is, the center of each of these long 

 sills is placed eight feet from the center of the barn. The 

 joists for the bays will run from these long sills, on each 

 side of the floor, to the outside sill about 21 feet, and 

 these joists may be supported near the center by a row of 

 stanchion timbers. Each of these long sills come over a 

 row of stanchion timbers in the basement below. 



The reader will see that these wings above the basement 

 are built in the simplest manner, using no surplus material, 

 and as cheap as may be consistent, with substance and 

 durability. 



BASEMENT FOR CATTLE. 



We will now examine the construction of the basements 

 to these long wings. The wall under each of these wings, 

 if built of concrete, 15 inches thick at the bottom, 12 

 inches at top, and 8 feet high, being 462 feet long, would 

 contain 4,204 cubic feet, and could be built in most places 

 for 10 cents per cubic foot, or $420 per wing. The wall 

 under the center would be 1,504 cubic feet, and cost $150 ; 

 the wall under the entire square-cross barn would cost 

 $1,830. These long sides would require something to 

 stiffen the wall sidewise ; but a pier built against the wall 

 on the inside would be in the way, and on the outside 

 would look unsightly, so, to avoid the necessity for such 

 piers, let a T be made of strong iron, say % x 2 inches. 

 The long end of the T should be about 20 inches, and 

 built into the wall, and the cross lie across the top of the 

 wall directly under the sill. The top of the T should pro- 

 ject beyond the sill on each side far enough to have a 

 M-inch hole punched, into which to insert a piece of the 

 same flat iron, six inches long, rounded at one end. This 

 will attach the wall to the sill. There should be four of 

 these T 's for each side one near each cross-sill, 40 feet 



