LAYING OUT BASEMENT. 121 



important when one thousand cattle are to be provided for-, 

 Cattle are most easily attended when placed in double rows, 

 with their heads turned towards one feeding floor. 



In this long basement, the first row of stanchion posts 

 will be placed 8 feet from the wall, on the side of the first 

 feeding floor, 14 feet wide. On the other side of the 

 feeding floor is the second row of stanchion pc>sts, coming 

 up under one of the long sills, described above. Two and 

 one-half feet being occupied by mangers on each side of 

 this floor, will leave nine feet for a drive-way. Along this 

 floor may pass a cart or a wagon, with green food in 

 summer, or fodder in winter. The third row of stanchion 

 posts will be 16 feet from the last, under the second long 

 sill, on the side of second feeding floor ; and the fourth 

 row will be 14 feet from the third, on the other side of the 

 second feeding floor, and 8 feet from the other wall. Here 

 two rows of cattle stand, with tails to the wall, and the 

 two middle rows stand tail to tail, facing upon opposite 

 floors. The largest animals should be placed in middle 

 rows, as there is the most room. These stanchion posts are 

 placed 3 feet 2 inches from center to center, and the cattle 

 are best fastened to the center of a chain stretching from 

 staple to staple driven into each stanchion post. These 

 chains slide up and down on these staples, as shown in fig. 10. 

 The mangers may be placed 20 inches from the ground, 

 and, with long staples, the cattle may lie down comfortably. 

 One of the best ways to feed cattle, with plenty of bedding 

 and muck for deodorizing, is to let them stand three or 

 four months on their manure, and, the mangers being 

 placed high, the manure may accumulate two feet deep 

 under them, and they may keep quite clean, with the 

 bedding and muck, and the manure will be trodden so 

 hard as to ferment very little. When a lot of cattle is 

 sold, then wagons may be driven through to carry off the 

 manure. We have seen cattle fed in this manner, carded 



