234 FEEDING ANIMALS. 



mind of every stock-feeder this primary law of equiva- 

 lence that every pound of growth must be the result of 

 food expended. There is no game of chance in cattle- 

 feeding, by which you may sometimes get something for 

 nothing every favorable result must be balanced by an 

 expenditure of food and care. It is here all even-handed 

 justice so much for so much but never so much for 

 nothing. 



Farmers, during the last decade, have given much 

 greater attention to the economical question of stock- 

 raising, not only as a source of present profit, but as a 

 means of perpetual fertility to the soil. 



We have long regarded it as the height of unwisdom to 

 export the heavy raw material (grain) instead of the con- 

 centrated product, meat ; and have been pleased to note a 

 decided change in the general opinion and practice among 

 farmers in this matter. The grain and the animals should 

 be raised upon the same farm, but only the animals sold. 

 There is more profit in the sale of the concentrated product 

 than the raw material. 



We shall hope to show how grain-raising and stock- 

 growing may be profitably blended together. 



A thorough discussion of cattle-feeding requires that we 

 take up first 



How TO FEED THE YOUNG CALF. 



As we have seen, fresh milk is the best food for the 

 young calf, and the natural method of taking it is for the 

 calf to draw it from the udder of its dam. But there are 

 many considerations that come in to prevent this natural 

 method among the 500,000 dairymen of the United States. 

 This natural method is only practicable among the breed- 

 ers of pure-blooded and high-priced stock, grown primarily 

 for beef; and if such breeder of high blood is located in 

 a dairying district, where milk is valuable, it is quite 



