270 FEEDING ANIMALS. 



giving the mariure free. His cattle were often purchased 

 much lower, and oil-cake was $10 to $18 per ton during his 

 early feeding. Mr. Johnston fed in an ordinary unbattened 

 stable not warm. He got his pay abundantly in his large 

 crops of wheat. It will be seen here that the store stock 

 cost less than fat stock, and thus gave a margin of profit 

 by an increase in the value of the whole animal, otherwise 

 Mr. Johnston's cattle would have often been fed at a loss. 

 It will be observed, also, that if the dry substance of the 

 food is all counted, including straw, it will amount to 26.23 

 Ibs. per day; and Lawes' formula of 12} Ibs. to the pound 

 gain is 26.40 Ibs., proving very closely in this case the cor- 

 rectness of his estimate. 



The author visited Mr. Otis S. Lewis, of Orleans County, 

 N. Y., in 1870, who fed upon a somewhat different plan. 

 His plan was to buy, in the Buffalo cattle yards, about the 

 first of December, thrifty bullocks from the West, averag- 

 ing 1,200 to 1,300 Ibs. He selected, as far as he could, 

 cattle that had been handled, so that they might take 

 kindly to a warm stable. He bought them in a moderately 

 fat condition, and fed them about one hundred days, in a 

 warm stable, tied in a roomy stall, and they were not 

 turned out until sold. The daily ration was made up of 

 5 Ibs. of early-cut and nicely-cured clover hay, 15 Ibs. of 

 straw, 9 Ibs. of corn-meal, and one-half bushel of swede 

 turnips, pulped and mixed with the short-cut hay, straw, 

 and meal, and then all thoroughly steamed together. 

 Sometimes 4 Ibs. of wheat middlings were substituted for so 

 much of the corn-meal. This ration came out of the steam 

 box with a most savory and appetizing smell, and the cattle 

 ate it with great relish. His lot of 25 head at this time 

 cost six cents, and averaged 1,250 Ibs. per head. At the 

 end of one hundred days they averaged 1,550 Ibs., having 

 gained 3 Ibs. per day. They sold at 7% cents, bringing an 

 average price of $120.12, and, costing $75 per head, gave an 



