348 FEEDING ANIMALS. 



One-third oi the elements of the food i 



Albuminoid (# of 5,439 Ibs.) l,8131bs. 



OU (Kof 1,345 Ibs.) 442 " 



Starch (X of 15,664 Ibs.) 5,221 " 



Here itfwjlhbe seen that the oil in the food is not suffi- 

 cient to * supply the fat for the butter, and the increase in 

 weight, even if none is consumed in the maintenance of 

 the cow, as there is only 1,345 Ibs. of fat in the whole food, 

 and there is required, besides, maintenance, 1,446 for the 

 milk and the gain in weight. This only shows that the 

 oil contained in food is not sufficient to supply the necessi- 

 ties of the animal, and that it must be derived from the 

 carbo-hydrates of the food. The surplus starch over main- 

 tenance amounts to 5,221 Ibs. ; and if we deduct the milk 

 sugar, 1,932 Ibs., from this, we shall have left 3,289 Ibs. 

 If we deduct the 442 Ibs. of fat over the maintenance 

 ration from the 1,446 Ibs. of fat in the butter, and gain 

 of the cows, it leaves a deficiency of 1,004 Ibs., and if we 

 estimate 2> Ibs. of starch as equal to 1 Ib. of fat, it will take 

 2,510 Ibs. of starch to produce this deficiency of fat; but 

 this still leaves a surplus of 779 Ibs. of starch, so that the 

 production of fat can be accounted for out of one-third 

 of the food. The casein in one-third of the food, 48 Ibs., 

 is short of supplying the casein in the milk and fibrin in 

 the increase of weight in the cows. But it may well be 

 that the nitrogen in two-thirds of the food is more than 

 the waste of the system requires, and the deficiency is but 

 a trifle (8 Ibs.) to each cow. It thus appears, on a careful 

 examination, that one-third of a full ration is quite suffi- 

 cient to furnish the elements in a large yield of milk, This 

 ought to be an interesting illustration to all dairymen. 

 These cows were fed very liberally, and produced a little 

 over 35 Ibs. of milk per day for 191 days, besides gaining 

 in weight, and still two-thirds of the food was used as the 

 mere ration of support one-third only devoted to pro- 



