RANUNCULACE^E. (CROWFOOT FAMILY.) 11 



14. ZANTHORHIZA, Marshall. 



Sepals 5, regular, lanceolate-ovate, colored, imbricated in the bud, deciduous. 

 Petals 5, small, gland-like, 2-lobed, short-stalked. Stamens 5-10: filaments 

 short. Ovaries 5-10, 1-celled, 2-ovuled. Style subulate, incurved, at length 

 dorsal. Follicles sessile, gibbous. Seed solitary, pendulous. A smooth trailing 

 shrub with yellow roots. Leaves pinnate, long-petioled. Leaflets 3-5, ovate and 

 lanceolate-ovate, incisely lobed and toothed from near the acute base. Flowers 

 small, in slender compound racemes, appearing before (below) the leaves, dark 

 purple. 



1. Z. apiifolia, L'Her. Shady banks, Florida, and along the mountains 

 of Georgia and northward. March and April. Stems 2 -3 high. 



15. HYDBASTIS, L. 



Sepals 3, ovate, membranaceous, colored, imbricated in the bud, caducous. 

 Petals none. Stamens numerous: filaments filiform. Ovaries 12-20, fleshy, 

 1-celled, 2-ovuled, ripening into 1-2-seeded, capitate, bright crimson berries. 

 Style short. Stigma 2-lipped. Stem erect from a thick, knotted rhizoma, 

 simple, 1-flowered, leafy above. Leaves broadly cordate, palmately 5-7 cleft, 

 the lobes toothed and sen-ate ; radical one solitary, long-petioled. Stem-leaves 

 2-3, the uppermost sessile under the stalked, greenish- white flower. 



1. H. Canadensis, L. Rich shaded soil along the mountains of Georgia 

 and Carolina, and northward. April and May. Stem 1 high. Leaves 4' -9' 

 wide, hairy when young. 



16. ACTJEA, L. BANEBEREY. 



Sepals 3 - 5, ovate, colored, imbricated in the bud, caducous. Petals 4 -10, 

 spatulate, entire. Stamens numerous ; the filaments filiform. Ovary solitary, 

 1-celled, becoming a many-seeded berry in fruit. Stigma sessile, 2-lobcd. Seed 

 horizontal. Perennial herbs. Stems simple, bearing one or two twice or thrice 

 ternately compound leaves, and a single oval or oblong raceme of small white 

 flowers. 



1. A. alba, Bigel. Smooth, or nearly so ; leaves large, 2 - 3-ternate ; leaf- 

 lets thin, ovate or cordate-ovate, acutely toothed ; pedicels of the fruit very thick, 

 red ; berry white. (A. pachypoda, Ell.) Rocky woods along the mountains of 

 South Carolina (Elliott), and northward. May. Plant 2 high. 



17. CIMICIPUGA, L. BUGBANE. 



Sepals 4-5, ovate or orbicular, colored, imbricated in the bud, caducous. 

 Petals 1-8, small, stalked, 2-lobed. Stamens very numerous: filaments fili- 

 form, elongated. Ovaries 1-8, 1-celled, becoming many-seeded follicles in fruit. 

 Perennial herbs, with large temately compound leaves, and white flowers in 

 elongated slender racemes. 



* Ovary mostly single: stigma large, depressed: seeds horizontal, smooth. 



1. C. racemosa, Ell. (BLACK SNAKEROOT.) Leaves thrice ternate; 

 leaflets ovate or ovate-lanceolate, sharply serrate, the terminal ones mostly 



