RUBIACE^E. (MADDER FAMILY.) 173 



3. BORRERIA. Carpels 2, both open on the inner face. Flowers clustered. 



4. DIODIA. Carpels 2 - 3, bony and closed. Style 2-cleft. Albumen fleshy. 



5. ERNODEA. Carpels 2, somewhat fleshy, closed. Style entire. Albumen horny. 



* * Shrubs. Fruit dry. Flowers in globular peduncled heads. 



6. CEPIIALANTIIUS. Carpels 2-4, separating at the base, closed. 



* * * Shrubs. Fruit fleshy or pulpy. Flowers mostly axillary. 



i- Ovaries united, forming a compound berry hi fruit. 



7. MITCIIELLA. Flowers by pairs. Stamens 4. Berry 4-seeded. 



8. MOHINDA. Flowers numerous. Stamens 5- Berry 1-seeded. 



<- *- Ovaries and fruit separate. 

 H- Albumen horny. 



9. CHIOCOCCA. Fruit flattened, even. Stigma entire. Seeds suspended. 



10. PSYCHOTRIA. Fruit ribbed. Stigma 2-lobed. Seeds erect. 



H- -H- Albumen fleshy. 



11. STRUMPFIA. Corolla bell-shaped. Anthers subsessile, united. Leaves whorled. 



12. GUETTARDA. Corolla salver-form. Anthers subsessile, separate. 



13. ERITIIALIS. Corolla subrotate. Filaments slender. 



SUBORDER II. CINCHONE2E. Ovules and seeds numerous in the 

 cells. Calyx-tube adherent to the ovary. Leaves opposite. 



* Fruit baccate, indehiscent. 



14. HAMELIA. Fruit 5-celled. Stigma entire. 



15. RANDIA. Fruit 2-celled. Stigma 2-lobed. 



* * Fruit capsular, loculicidally dehiscent. 



16. PINCKNEYA. Shrub. Flowers cymose, terminal. Seeds winged. 



17. EXOSTEMMA. Shrubs. Flowers solitary, axillary. Seeds winged. 



18. OLDENLANDIA. Herbs. Capsule often free from the calyx above. Seeds wingless. 



SUBORDER III. LOGAMEJE. Ovules and seeds numerous in the 

 cells. Calyx free from the ovary. Fruit capsular. Leaves opposite. 



* Herbs. 



19. SPIGELIA. Corolla tubular. Style single, jointed. * 



20. MITREOLA. Corolla short, 5-lobed. Styles 2, united above. 



21. POLYPREMUM. Corolla short, 4-lobed. Style single. 



** Evergreen woody vines. -;.-' 



22. GELSEMIUM. Corolla campanulate. Seed winged. 



1. GALIUM, L. 



Calyx-teeth obsolete. Corolla rotate, 3 - 4-lobed. Stamens 3-4. Styles 2, 

 united at the base. Stigma capitate. Fruit double, separating into two 1-seeded 

 closed carpels. Albumen horny. Slender herbs, with square stems and whorled 

 leaves. Flowers minute. The following species are all perennials. 

 * Fruit baccate : peduncles 1 - 3-JJowered : leaves 4 in a whorl. 



1. G. hispidulum, Michx. Stems much branched, slightly roughened, 

 hairy at the joints ; leaves small (2 ;/ -6"), rigid, lanceolate-ovate, rough on the 

 margins and veins beneath, acute ; berry roughened, bluish-black. (Rubia 

 Brownei, Michx. ) Dry sandy soil near the coast, Florida to North Carolina, 

 and westward. May -Sept. Stems l-2 long. Root yellow. Flowers 

 greenish- white. 



15* 



