COMPOSITE. (COMPOSITE FAMILY.) 187 



SUBORDER II. LABIATIFLOIkE. Corolla of the perfect flowers 

 2-lipped ; the outer lip 3-lobed, the inner 2-lobed. 



No. 



Herb stemless. Scape 1-flowerted. Flower nodding. . . . CHAPTALIA. 80 



SUBORDER UI. LIGULIFLOR/E. Corolla of all the flowers li- 

 gulate. \ 



Pappus none. Achenia many-ribbed APOGON. 81 



Pappus scaly and bristly. 



Scales of the pappus 5, with 5 intermediate bristles KRIGIA. 82 



Scales of the pappus and bristles numerous CYNTHIA. 83 



Pappus hairy. 

 Pappus tawny or dirty-white. 



Flowers erect, rose-color. Leaves filiform LYGODESMIA. 86 



i Flowers erect, yellow. Achenia beakless HIERACIUM. 84 



Flowers erect, yellow. Achenia long-beaked PYRRIIOPAPPUS. 88 



Flowers nodding, whitish or purplish. NABALUS. 85 



Pappus clear white (except in one Mulgedium). 

 Achenia conspicuously beaked. 



Achenia ribbed. Stemless herbs TARAXACUM. 87 



Achenia flat. Stems leafy LACTUCA. 89 



Achenia beakless or nearly so. 



Flowers blue. Achenia slightly beaked MULGEDIUM. 90 



Flowers yellow. Achenia beakless SONCHUS. 91 



SUBORDER I. 



TRIBE I. VERNONIACE^E. Heads discoid; the flowers all tubular and per- 

 fect : branches of the style terete, filiform, hairy all over ; the stigmatic lines only on 

 the lower part. Herbs, with alternate leaves and purple flowers. PECTIS alone 

 has pistillate rays and yellow flowers. 



1. VERNONIA, Schreb. IRON-WEED. 



Heads many-flowered, the flowers all equal and tubular. Involucre shorter 

 than the flowers ; the scales closely imbricated in several rows. Receptacle 

 naked. Achenia cylindrical, ribbed. Pappus double; the exterior consisting 

 of very short scale-like bristles, the interior of copious capillary bristles. Per- 

 ennial herbs, with alternate leaves, and corymbose purple flowers. 



1. V. oligophylla, Michx. Stem nearly naked; leaves rough above, 

 pubescent beneath, denticulate ; those at the base large, oval or oblong, the 

 others small, distant, lanceolate; corymb few-flowered, spreading; involucre 

 bell-shaped, the scales lanceolate, acuminate, fringed. Damp soil, Geor- 

 gia to North Carolina, and westward. July. Stem 2 high, sparingly 

 branched. 



2. V. ovalifolia, Torr. & Gray. Stem pubescent, very leafy, corymbose- 

 branched above; leaves roughish above, pubescent, beneath; the lowest ones 

 oval or oblong, toothed-serrate ; the upper lanceolate and entire ; involucre bell- 



