188 COMPOSITE. (COMPOSITE FAMILY.) 



shaped ; scales ovate, acute, fringed. Dry rich woods, Middle Florida. June 

 and July. Stem 2 - 3 high. 



3. V. Noveboracensis, Willd. Stem more or less pubescent, branched 

 above ; leaves lanceolate, serrate, mostly roughish above, smooth or pubescent 

 beneath ; corymbs spreading ; involucre hemispherical, the scales fringed, ovate, 

 ending in a long filiform point, or simply acute. (V. tomentosa, Ell. V. pras- 

 alta, Willd.) River-banks and low ground, Florida to Mississippi, and north- 

 ward. July -Sept. Stem 3-6 high. Scales of the involucre purple, and 

 usually covered with web-like hairs. 



4. V. fasciculata, Michx., var. altissima, Torr. & Gray. Stem tall, 

 and, like the lanceolate serrate leaves, smoothish; involucre small, hemispheri- 

 cal; the scales ovate, acute or mucronate, fringed, appressed. (V. altissima, 

 Nutt.) Low ground, Florida to North Carolina, dnd westward. September. 

 Stem 6 - 10 high. Leaves 6' - 1 2' long. 



5. V. angustifolia, Michx. Stem slender, smooth or hairy, very leafy ; 

 leaves linear or linear-lanceolate, smoothish, or pubescent and roughish, the low- 

 est ones sparingly denticulate, the upper entire, with the margins revolute ; cor- 

 ymbs mostly umbel-like ; involucre bell-shaped ; the scales lanceolate, fringed, 

 acute or conspicuously mucronate. (V. scaberrima, Nutt.) Dry pine barrens, 

 Florida to North Carolina, and westward. June - August. Stem 2 - 3 high. 



2. STOKESIA, L'Her. 



Heads many-flowered ; the marginal flowers much larger, deeply split on the 

 inside, and ray-like. Involucre subglobose, bracted, the outer scales prolonged 

 into a leafy bristly-fringed appendage, the inner ones lanceolate and entire. Re- 

 ceptacle naked. Achenia short, 3-4-angled, smooth. Pappus composed of 

 4-5 filiform chaffy deciduous scales. A sparingly branched downy-stemmed 

 perennial. Leaves smooth, lanceolate, entire, the upper ones sessile, and, like 

 the bracts, fringed at the base, the lowest narrowed into a slender petiole. Heads 

 few or solitary, large, terminal. Flowers blue. 



1. S. cyanea, L'Her. "Wet pine barrens, South Carolina, and westward, 

 very rare. Stems 1 - 1| high. Heads 1' wide. 



3. ELEPHANTOPUS, L. ELEPHANT'S-FOOT. 



Heads 3 - 5-flowered, crowded in terminal 3-bracted clusters. Flowers all 

 equal and similar. Involucre compressed ; scales 8, in 2 rows, dry, oblong, 

 acute, dotted. Receptacle naked. Corolla deeply split on one side, palmate. 

 Achenium oblong, ribbed, hairy. Pappus bristly from a dilated base, double or 

 single. Erect hairy corymbose-branched perennials, with alternate ample leaves, 

 and purple or white flowers. 



1. E. Carolinianus, Willd. Stem leafy, hairy; leaves thin, oval or 

 oblong, incurved-serrate, hairy, tapering into a petiole; bracts ovate, longer 



