COMPOSITE. (COMPOSITE FAMILY.) 221 



on short hirsute petioles ; the upper ones sessile and commonly entire ; heads 

 somewhat corymbose, rather large ; exterior scales of the involucre ovate, 

 acute, short-ciliate ; the interior oblong, obtuse ; achenia broadly obovate, 2- 

 toothed. Var. DENTATUM. Lower leaves on rather long petioles, sometimes 

 incisely toothed; achenia slightly emarginate at the apex. (S. dentatum, Ell.) 

 Dry open woods, Florida to North Carolina. July - Sept. Stem 2 - 4 

 high. Leaves 3' - 5' long. Rays showy. 



6. S. laevigatum, Ell. Smooth ; leaves thick, lanceolate-oblong, acute at 

 each end, opposite, coarsely serrate, on short petioles ; the upper nearly sessile ; 

 heads small, loosely corymbose ; scales of the involucre ovate, obtuse, spread- 

 ing ; achenia oval-obovate, narrowly winged, emarginate and slightly 2-toothed 

 at the apex. Western districts of Georgia and Alabama. July - Sept. Stem 

 2 - 3 high. Lowest leaves 6' - 8' long. 



7. S. scaberrimum, Ell. Stem rough-hairy; leaves mostly opposite, 

 ovate, acute, serrate, rigid, very rough on both sides, on short petioles ; heads 

 corymbose; scales of the involucre ovate, ciliate; aehenia nearly orbicular, 

 broadly winged, deeply notched at the apex. Western districts of Georgia and 

 Alabama. August and Sept. Stem stout, 3 - 4 high, becoming smoothish. 

 Leaves 3' -4' long. Heads larger than in the last. 



- - Stems square. 



8. S. perfoliatum, L. Stem and branches smooth or hairy ; leaves large, 

 opposite, ovate or ovate-oblong, coarsely toothed, rough on both sides, or pubes- 

 cent or hairy beneath, their bases, or winged petioles, united; the uppermost 

 commonly entire, simply serrate ; corymb trichotomous ; the central heads long- 

 peduncled ; scales of the involucre ovate, obtuse ; achenia broadly obovate, 

 emarginate. (S. connatum, L. S. in tegrifolium, Ell.?) Banks of streams 

 along the mountains of Georgia, and northward. July - Sept. Stem 4 - 6 

 high. Leaves 6' - 12' long. Heads large. 



33. BEELANDIEBA, DC. 



v 



Heads many-flowered. Ray-flowers few, pistillate ; those of the disk tubular, 

 5-toothed, sterile. Scales of the involucre in three rows, the innermost largest, 

 membranaccous, adherent ' to the fertile achenia. Receptacle chaffy; the chaff 

 dilated upward, obtuse, hooded, partly embracing the sterile achenia ; the inner 

 ones gradually narrower. Fertile achenia in a single row, obovate, flattened, 

 wingless, pubescent on the inner face, the apex entire. Perennial downy or 

 hoary herbs, with alternate leaves, solitary or corymbose heads, and yellow 

 rays. 



1. B. tomentosa, Torr. & Gray. Stem leafy, hoary-tomentose ; leaves 

 oblong-ovate, crenate, hoary beneath, closely pubescent above ; the lowest taper- 

 ing into a petiole ; the upper cordate, sessile ; heads at length numerous, corym- 

 bose-panicled. (Silphium pumilum, Michx.} Dry pine barrens, Florida to 

 North Carolina, and westward. June -August. Stem 1- 3 high. Leaves 

 2' - 3' long. 



19* 



