STEMS. 67 



die down every year to a short upright stem-base 

 just at the top of the root. This kind of stock or 

 stem-base has been called a crown because it is upon 

 the root like the crown is upon the king's head. 

 These stocks, however, vary a good deal in character 

 as you will find when you compare those which I 

 have mentioned ; and sometimes they remain visible 

 above the surface of the ground.* 



Fig- 45- Lengthened rhizome of sand sedge (Carex arenaria}. 

 n Scaly leaves, w roots, a erect shoot with foliage leaves. 



There are some stem bases or stocks which grow 

 along (horizontally) partly or altogether under 

 ground, and send up new leaves and flowers every 

 year. They are called Rhizomes^ Sometimes they 

 are thick and fleshy ; sometimes they are very much 



*cf. Buttercup, Phlox, Rhubarb, Seakaie, Asparagus, Horse Radish, 

 Dahlia, Chrysanthemum, Fuchsia, Raspberry, Lavender. And cf. 

 Collar in Appendix. 



f From the Greek " rizbma" a root, a stem. 



