98 FL O WER-LAND. 



as the pinnate division is repeated twice or thrice, 

 and the leaflets of the pinnae are pinnules^ 



Now lastly, I must tell you that sessile (p. 90) leaves 

 vary a good deal in the way in which they grow at 

 their junction with the stem. They are connate* when 

 two opposite leaves are united at their bases (Fig 79, C}\ 

 perfoliate\ when the base grows out so as to extend 

 upon the other side of the stem and surround it 

 (Fig. 79, B) ; amplexicaul% when the extended base 

 does not make the leaf perfoliate, but still more or 

 less surrounds or embraces the stem (Fig. 79, A}\ 

 decurrent^ when the leaf extends down the sides 

 of the stem on which it grows, as in Scotch and other 

 thistles. And a stem which is thus leafy, or has a 

 thin membrane projecting from it, is spoken of as 

 " ivinged" 



Care and perseverance in learning well these differ- 

 ent forms of leaves will save you much trouble and 

 delay in time to come.|| 



* From the Latin " con" together, and " nattis^ grow, "nascer," I 

 grow. 



t From the Latin "per" through, "folium"*, leaf; the stem 

 passing through the leaf. 



J From the Latin " amplexor" I embrace, and " caulis" a stem. 



From the Lutin "</<?," down, and " eurro," I run. 



|| For some other words used in describing leaves see Appendix B. 



