FRUIT. 137 



tube, or top of the flower stalk, instead of outside 

 upon a fleshy pulp, as in the strawberry. 



Other pseudocarps are the acorns with their 

 cupules (Fig. 114), or the beech nuts with their husks; 

 and there are many others. 



But you can now tell the difference between true 

 fruits and pseudocarps. The true fruit is simply 

 the ripened pistil, i.e., the ovary, or ovaries, with the 

 seed ; but when some other part of the flower is com- 

 bined with the pistil, the fruit is distinguished as a 

 pseudocarp. 



But there are some other general differences 

 between fruits which you must notice ; and then I 

 shall be able to tell you the names by which the 

 particular kinds of fruit are called. 



(2) So we will notice next the difference between 

 simple, compound, and collective fruits. 



The difference between a simple and a compound 

 fruit is one which you already know. For, since fruits 

 are the ripened pistils of flowers, they are divided, 

 as pistils are, into simple, apocarpous, or syncarpous. 

 Simple, as the pea or bean (Fig. 15 d, p. 21 ) ; 

 apocarpous, as the buttercup (Fig. 23, p. 27), the 

 monkshood (Fig.' 161), the columbine, the raspberry 

 (Fig. 22, p. 26), and the blackberry ; syncarpous, as 

 in the poppy (Figs. 26, p. 30; 123*:), the cowslip, 

 and the primrose. Try and find these and other 

 examples of these different kinds of fruits, or ripened 

 pistils : and if you do not quite understand them 



