FRUIT. 



139 



pineapple. You will 

 study them when 

 you are older. Now 

 if we can find a 

 blackberry or wild 

 raspberry (Figs. 133, 

 22, p. 26), what kind 

 of fruit is it ? Yes ! 

 not a collective but 

 an apocarpous fruit : 

 for it is all formed 

 from a single flower, 

 and each little fruit 

 or ripened ovary of 

 which it is made up 

 is called a fruit let. * 



Fig. 117. Fir branch with cones. 



(3) For the next distinction between 

 fruits, we must notice the case or 

 covering in which the seed is enclosed. 

 It is called the pericarp.^ Some- 

 times the pericarp is so thickened that 

 it can be divided into three distinct 



CoifecVve 8 '"fVuit la y ers : the outside one, or epicarp ;t 



of Mulberry. t h e middle one, or mesocarp ;t and 



the inner one, or endocarp\ (Fig. 119). The pericarp 



* When you have an opportunity compare the fruit of the mulberry 

 with that of the blackberry. For in the mulberry each part or 

 division is the spurious fruit of a distinct flower : and so the whole is a 



collective fruit (Figs. 118, 133). 



f From the Greek "peri" around ; " epi" 

 lt endon" within; and " karpos" fruit. See ft st 



upon ; "tnesos," middle; 

 s&rcocarp," in the Appendix. 



