APPENDIX. 223 



loculicidal* or splitting open down the loculi. But sometimes in a 

 multilocular capsule (p. 119) the dissepiments remain joined to the 

 axis, the outside capsule wall splitting off from them by the carpel 

 pieces or valves. This kind of dehiscence is known as septifragal^ 

 or breaking away from the septa or dissepiments. 



In fruits or fruitlets of a single carpel, when it dehisces along 

 ventral or dorsal suture or both, the dehiscence is sutural. 



Diffusion. If a liquid is in contact with a thicker or heavier liquid, 

 its ten'dency will be to diffuse into or mix with it. A very thin 

 skin may be between them, and yet the movement will go on. If 

 two different gases are so separated, they also pass through and 

 intermix. So different liquids and gases can pass through the 

 very thin walls of the cells and vessels of plants, and the sap 

 changes, moves, and travels. 



Endosperm. This food substance is called Endosperm or Peri- 

 sperm, according to its position. 



If it is in the embryo sac or inner bag of the ovule (Fig. 113 S, 

 p. 134), it is called endosperm, from the Greek "enden," within, 

 and " sperma" the seed. See Fig. 136 B, marked E; it some- 

 times fills the whole testa, Fig. 136 A, marked E. 



But in Fig. 136 B is an instance of a seed with the (inner) 

 endosperm E, surrounded by the (outer) perisperm, which fills up 

 the rest of the nucellus (cf. under funicle) and is marked P. 



Perisperm is from the Greek "peri," around, and " spcrma" 

 seed. Compare Figs. 113 and 136 B ; S of Fig. 113 corresponds 

 with E of Fig. 136 B ; k of Fig. 113 with P of Fig. 136 B. . 



Funicle. t This is the stalk by which the ovule may be attached to 

 the placenta. (Fig. 178/). ' 



The ovule is made up of one or two coats or coverings (integu- 

 ments), inside which is a cellular mass or substance called the 

 nucellus^ (Figs. 109 S, p. 129; 178 k) ; and in the nucellus is 



* From the Latin " loculus" the box or pocket, and'"r<rdfc," I cut. 

 f From the Latin "septum" as on page 222, and " frango" I break. 

 j From the Latin "funzs," a cord. 



Connected with "nucleus," from the Latin "m/.r,"gen. 

 a nut, the kernel ; " nucellus" a little kernel, or nucleus. 



