APPENDIX. 229 



Cypsela. This is an inferior achene, and you have examples of it in 

 the fruit of the compositse (Fig. 138 e, p. 159). To distinguish the 

 flowers of the compositae, cf. p. 47, 48, and remember that they 

 have an inferior ovary, and five stamens, which are joined together 

 (cf. Fig. 138 d and its note, p. 159). Cypsela is derived from the 

 Greek " kupsele" a box, a hollow vessel. 



Samara. This is a dry one seeded fruit or fruitlet, similar to the 

 achene, but with a membranous margin or wing formed by the 

 extended pericarp. See the winged achene or samara of the elm 

 (Fig. 131 B, p. 146), and the winged mericarp or samara of the 

 sycamore (Fig. 28 b, p. 33). It is from the Latin " samera? the 

 seed of the elm. 



COCCUS. A fruitlet of a schizocarp when they are more than two in 

 number; from the Greek " kokkos" a kernel, a berry (Fig. 

 141, p. 161). The one seeded fruitlets of the schizocarp are 

 similar to the nut or achene. With a glass that magnifies about 

 twenty times, look at transverse sections from those of some of 

 the common labiates (p. 42, 109). 



But compare a coccus of the labiates or of the geranium family 

 with an achene, that of a buttercup for instance, as to their 

 dehiscence. In the geraniums you can easily see the dehiscent 

 carpel of the coccus, in contrast with the indehiscent achene. 



Berry. The fruit of the cucumber, melon, and vegetable marrow 

 is somewhat different from the true berry. Part of the pericarp is 

 thicker, fleshy, and more or less hard, and the seeds do not lie 

 loose in the pulp, as in the true berry. A fruit of this kind is 

 called a " pepo." 



Pome. A succulent, indehiscent syncarpous and spurious fruit such 

 as the apple or pear, cf. p. 29, 136. From the Latin "pomum," 

 an apple. 



Sorosis. When the flowers of an inflorescence, by the swelling of 

 some of their parts, produce one succulent collective fruit, as the 

 pine-apple, it is called a sorosis. Another instance is the fruit of 



