CHEMICAL BASIS OF THK ANIMAL I'.nhY. 



red corpuscles, followed as this was by proofs of the iiK-nt; 

 lia-matoidin and hilirubin. This was followed l by experiments 

 on the injection of bile-salts into the blood and an accompanying 

 output of bile-pigments in the urine, to which the true signifi- 

 cance was subsequently attached by Kiihne, namely that the 

 pigments arose from a conversion of hieuioglobin set free from 



"i-puscles under the solvent action of the bile-salt?. This 

 he continued by injections of lueinoglobin in solution. 2 These 

 views were however opposed on the basis of similar experiments 

 in which it was stated that either no bile-pigments appeared in 

 the urine as the result of injections of haemoglobin into the vas- 

 cular system, or that if they did, they were due merely to an ac- 

 cumulation of that small amount which is frequently present in 

 the urine of dogs. 3 But the careful subsequent experiments of 

 Tarchanoil', in which he endeavoured to avoid many obvious 

 sources of error present in those of Naunyn and Steiner, are 

 more usually regarded as having afforded detinite and conclusive 

 confirmation of the earlier views. 4 This observer further found 

 a considerably increased amount of bile-pigments in the bile col- 

 lected during the experiments, and came to the conclusion that 

 the conversion of blood- into bile-pigments takes plan- in the 

 blood-vessels, a part being excreted in the urine, while the. ! 

 part passes "lit in the bile. He showed in confirmation of earlier 

 experiments 5 that the liver is extremely active in excreting bili- 

 rubin injected into the blood-vessels; practically the whole of it 



s out in the bile. 6 The relationships thus indicated receive 

 further confirmation from the observation that in many patho- 

 logical conditions .>!' the horse, bile-pigments ate Mpmi-ly found 

 in it- tissues and transudations. accompanied by blood-pigments. 

 and that solutions of hamoMlohiu when injected into the snh- 

 eutanei.us tissue of this animal become after a t> \\ tially 



<. ni verted in situ into granules and flakes whirl i are of a yellow 



jange colour and yield an intense (imelin's reaction." 



Finally by the action of phenylhydra/.in on ha matin and on 

 bilirnbin products are obtained which in each case exhibit a 

 similar and marked play of colours under the action of fuming 

 (yellow) nitric acid. 8 



1 Froriclis n. Stno.lHrr, Miillor'* Ardi. .lahrir 1- 



- Vir.-i...w's Arck. r. 



1 ,. f. Annt. u. Pkfltiol. .!:.!. 



S. ir.O. Contain full rff.-n-iK-i-s tu all tli"ii i-xi-tiiiL' literatim- 

 1 Id. IX. (!-:). Sn. -VI, 329. 



| \..MitU. AT*. 



''l,,,rm<dnl. IM. M (181 



l.-hiiaiin. /'/ l'"l KT. (188J " M < he 



next r.-f.-rc-n.-r! 1M Jtxvn 



T Latchenberg( !'.-!. I. (1886). - r H*nat*. /. CKtm. 



U<\. iv 



* Fil.-l.iio. V.rhnwl. d. Congreuei f. IHM. .'/../ H U- f "i Ctntralb. / 

 klin. M,,l. 



