28 



nationality, use so much of, owing to its nutritious quality; because in order to 

 manufacture oleomargarine you must first kill the animal to get in part the neces- 

 sary ingredients, and thereby create a scarcity of the beef-producing species. 



If we repudiate the artificial and use only the pure article we encourage the farmer 

 to raise more cows. The more cows he raises the greater will be the supply of beef, 

 pure milk, butter, cream, and cheese. No farmer will undertake to raise or propa- 

 gate these species of cattle unless ho can realize a profit by so doing. 



Mr. Geghan estimates the loss to the farmers of the country by the 

 manufacture of oleomargarine to be for 1886 $70,000,000. 



In spite of the United States oleomargarine law it would seem that 

 the profits are so great in selling oleomargarine for butter, that un- 

 scrupulous men are constantly tempted to sell it, and I am sure that 

 in many of the smaller cities of the country, some not far from the 

 national capital, oleomargarine is openly sold in violation of Federal 

 statute. In confirmation of this idea I find that even in Ohio, with its 

 vigorous State officers, alert and watchful, ready to enforce the State 

 laws and aid in the enforcement of the internal-revenue laws, the pro- 

 visions of the oleomargarine bill are constantly violated, as well as that 

 of the State laws relative to milk and cheese. 



Of 97 analyses of butter made by the chemist one known to be gen- 

 uine 50 were adulterated, and only 46 genuine. Of 43 samples of milk 

 analyzed, 7 were known to be pure ; of the remaining 36, representing 

 milk sold in Columbus, 18 samples fell below the standard required by 

 law. 



The law relative to skim-milk cheese seems to have been made to be 

 broken in Ohio, but the prompt prosecution and conviction of the of- 

 fenders, who pleaded guilty and paid fines of $50 each, seems to indicate 

 that in the future the condition of cheese and of morals will both be 

 healthier in Ohio. 



Full cream cheese in Ohio must mean something; it must mean exactly what it 

 says after this, or you must repeal the present dairy laws and abolish the commis- 

 sion. (Henry Talcott, assistant dairy commissioner for Ohio, page 32, report 87.) 



BEER ADULTERANTS. 



Dr. Win. Dickore, of Cincinnati, in a report of certain analyses made 

 by him for the dairy and food commission (page 24), says: 



" Beer in its perfect condition is an excellent and healthful beverage, conferring in 

 some measure virtues of water, wine, and of food, as it quenches the thirst, stimulates, 

 cheers, and strengthens." (Andrew Ure.) 



The above is the opinion of this great scientist. While most brewers certainly aim 

 to produce beer of the best quality, still there are many others unscrupulous enough 

 to substitute for the sake of cheaper production a very large percentage of other 

 grains for malt, and also other drugs, like quassia, aloes, p : eric acid, etc., in con- 

 nection with artificial flavors, to replace the more expensive hops. I would like to 

 state that even well-meaning brewers may make the mistake and use too many hops, 

 which will produce an unwholesome beer. Beer should neither be too strong in alco- 

 hol or be too highly hopped. While barley is (by practical experience of centuries) 

 the most appropriate cereal to be used in brewing beer, still other kinds of grain, as 

 rice or corn, in very limited quantities, may be admitted in manufacturing certain 

 kinds of beer. The proportions should however be regulated by law. 



