52 



trict in France does not produce more than one-tenth of the amount of champagne 

 consumed, the remainder being manufactured from cider and other wines. 



Cream of Tartar is frequently more or less adulterated, usually with 

 terra alba or gypsum, and to an extent varying from 5 to 75 per cent. 



On the subject of Glucose, Dr. Beckwith says : 



In view of the fact that about ten pounds of this product are manufactured in the 

 United States for every man, woman, and child therein, annually, and that Cleveland 

 is not quarantined against the rest of the country, a two hours' fruitless search for a 

 small sample to be used in comparative analysis was certainly discouraging. Drug- 

 gists, wholesale and retail, had none, but, with singular unanimity, referred the in- 

 quirer to the candy manufacturers, who, to a man, knew nothing of the commodity. 



Parenthetically, a specimen of taffy of another kind, abstracted from an inviting 

 pile, yielded 79 percent, of glucose on analysis. 



Glucose is probably the leading adulterant upon the market. It is largely used in 

 sirups, low-grade sugars, jellies, and cheap confections. 



As artificially prepared it differs materially from cane-sugar, having but about one- 

 third the latter's sweetening power and being devoid of color when in solution. It 

 is frequently contaminated by the lime which is used to neutralize the sulphuric acid 

 employed in the conversion of the starch into sugar. 



Free acid is also claimed to be occasionally found. The presence of lime in the 

 ash of sugars or sirups, obtained by burning off the organic matter and carbon, is a 

 good indication of glucose adulteration in the example under estimation. 



The cheapness of glucose, together with its .close relationship to cane-sugar, enables 

 the refiner to use it extensively as a sophistication at a handsome profit, and without 

 fear of detection when shipped to country store-keepers and city dealers in localities 

 where sanitary laws are not rigorously enforced. 



Per se glucose is wholesome and nutritious. Its production encourages corn-grow- 

 ing, increases the sugar supply, and offers employment to capital and labor. So far 

 the industry which it represents should be encouraged, but its sale as cane-sugar is a 

 fraud, and should be as completely tabooed as the sale of artificial butter for the 

 genuine article. Its cheapness and poverty in saccharine matter demand its com- 

 plete isolation. 



In Europe glucose is largely prepared from potatoes; in this country, on account 

 of its greater abundance, from corn; whence the name corn-sugar or corn- sirup in 

 common use. 



Seven examples of sirups were purchased for analysis, principally to determine 

 the extent of glucose adulteration. 



These were bought at as many different retail stores in various parts of the city, 

 and were in each case guaranteed free from adulteration. With Fehling's solution 

 six of them were found to contain abnormal amounts of glucose. 



The seventh, dark and unprepossessing in appearance, contained less than 4 percent.; 

 about the usual quantity normal to cane-sugars. The following table shows the 

 complete result : 

 Glucose yielded (warranted cane). 



Per cent. 



No. 1.... 23.19 



No. 2 19.76 



-No. 3 29.30 



No. 4 43.06 



No. 5 3.97 



No. 6 16.15 



No. 7...., 31.68 



Two of these, numbers two and six, the lightest colored in the group, were incin- 



