6G ORGANIC EVOLUTION 



all other things whatsoever. This profoundly im- 

 portant question, as to the history of the human 

 consciousness, falls to be discussed in the volume 

 that treats of our knowledge of the laws and 

 nature of mind. Here we shall confine ourselves 

 exclusively to the evolution of the man's body. 



The anatomical resemblances between the body 

 of man and other vertebrates are, in some measure, 

 obvious. The superficial resemblances need not 

 be insisted upon. He has the same number of 

 eyes and fingers and toes as the ape. The results 

 of dissection are even more striking. His skeleton 

 is, bone for bone, identical save hi minute points 

 with the skeleton of the ape. His muscles are 

 similarly arranged, so that it would be absurd 

 to employ different names in the description of the 

 human and the simian musculature. The " milk- 

 teeth " and so-called " permanent teeth " of man 

 agree, in number and in arrangement and in 

 structure, with those of the anthropoid ape, but not 

 with those of the monkeys of the New World. 

 The internal organs show similar resemblances : 

 every well-marked convolution and fissure of the 

 human brain can be detected at sight in the brain 

 of the higher apes. Some practical indication of 

 the completeness of the anatomical resemblance 

 between man and the anthropoid ape may be 

 gathered from the fact that surgeons nowadays 

 spend much time and labour in performing novel 

 operations upon these animals in preparation for 

 the performance of the same operations in man. 

 The surgeon who has frequently removed the 



