450 ADDENDA. 



Without much innovation on our present system, the following 

 improvements are obvious : Let every Cottage have a garden suf- 

 ficiently large to produce vegetables for a family, and particularly 

 potatoes for themselves, and for a hog the whole year. Let as many 

 industrious families as possible have additions of land made to 

 keep a dairy cow. Nothing would add more to the comfort and 

 supply of mankind than an increase of such occupations. Gentle- 

 men of landed estates should promote and encourage small and 

 moderate-sized dairy farms upon all land adapted to grazing; 

 ten or twelve cows would find employment for a family doing their 

 own business, would promote industry, employ moderate capital, 

 and enable the occupier to pay as much rent as a large monopo- 

 lized farm, and would require no expensive out-buildings, as no 

 horse team should be kept, but potatoes, cabbages, and green 

 crops, raised in plenty by hand-work in the garden style, by the 

 spade and the hoe. An agricultural population might thus be 

 considerably increased to the great improvement of the county. 



The principal improvements to be made by the large farmers should 

 be in a more correct culture of beans and other crops, particularly 

 wheat, and in hand-culturing the fallows, and filling up crops. 

 Beans should be universally set in rows and clean-hoed in a garden 

 style. Nothing could possibly be a better preparation for wheat. 

 30,000 acres of land are now annually summer fallowed in Staf- 

 fordshire, at a great expense in labour of men, horses, and manure. 

 It is self-evident that this may be occupied by beans, potatoes, 

 and other summer crops, by applying human labour and manure, 

 and fewer horses would be required, if land was once completely 

 clean fallowed. It may be permanently so continued without 

 laying barren through the summer. If two-thirds only of the fallow 

 land were cropped it would add 20,000 acres annually of crops, 

 worth probably 20. per acre, or ^400,000. which would pay for 

 much human labour and profit. All land in culture for wheat 

 ought to be examined in the spring and filled up with plants, as 

 it will not bear transplanting and pay for that attention, and if 

 there be a plant in every nine inches, and the land be kept freo 

 from weeds it will produce 20 thrave per acre at least. It has 

 been ascertained by experience that this is practicable and will 

 pay for it, and can be demonstrably proved that the general cul- 

 ture of grain and pulse would pay for a more minute attention than 

 is commonly bestowed. 



STATISTICAL 



