HISTORY OF STAFFORDSHIRE. [27 



ploughing has the appearance of a fallow, and harrows nearly as 

 well : this ploughing requires no additional trouble but the 

 strength of an extra horse, and the flay may be used or not at 

 pleasure. The common swing-plough without wheels, is used to 

 plough hedge-sides, ill-formed corners, or any difficult work, when 

 both a holder and driver are required. 



Several very ingenious manufacturers of agricultural implements 

 reside near Wolverhampton. Winnowing-machines, of the very 

 best construction, and containing all the newest improvements, are 

 made by Mr. Joseph Cornforth, of Chapel Ash, of the best deal or 

 oak, at from c8. to o10. each, who has made several thousands 

 of them, and sent them to all parts of the kingdom, and even abroad, 

 with the greatest approbation. Mr. Joseph Brewster, of Breewood, 

 makes thrashing-machines either fixed or portable, upon the best 

 construction, and upon the most reasonable terms : they do their 

 work perfectly, and he keeps a team and portable machine in readi- 

 ness to thrash ricks for any farmer at the shortest notice, and 

 is thus employed all round the country. Mr. Rudge, of Patting- 

 ham, makes Northumberland ploughs either with or without wheels, 

 requiring only one person to attend them, with two horses, which 

 will plough any sort of land an acre per day, or more, if required : 

 he has made great numbers for all parts of the country. Mr. James 

 Chambers, of Ettingsal, also makes a great variety of drill 

 ploughs for sowing all kinds of grain, pulse, and seeds, in different 

 numbers of rows and distances ; sowing tubes by hand, or mounted 

 on a hand-barrow, with which a strong boy will sow ten or twelve 

 feet wide of turnips, clover, or other seeds, with the greatest accu- 

 racy, as fast as he can walk ; straw-cutters and turnip-slicers, and 

 various kinds of horse and hand hoes, on the best construction ; 

 cultivators and iron-harrows, of various forms, hay-making machines, 

 fly-catchers, to clear turnips of insects, and a great variety of 

 other machinery. 



At Ettingsal Iron-works, iron gates for avenues, or for common 

 inclosures, are made on a firm, durable, and cheap construction ; 

 also iron hurdles for dividing grass lands or green crops, equally 

 portable with those of wood, and much more durable, with ploughs 

 entirely of iron, at five guineas each, and all kinds of ornamental 

 and useful iron fencing. 



Enclosing, Fences, Gates, fyc. The cultivated land of the county 

 is now very generally enclosed, and nothing remains open but the 

 commons or waste lands : the benefit of inclosing common fields 

 has been so apparent, that it has been every where adopted. 



