68J A TOPOGRAPHICAL 



supply of winter keep, maintains not only the dairy cows, but also 

 a number of young cattle for succession stock. 



Mr. Miller, by length of time and perseverance, succeeded in 

 raising a new and very valuable variety of the breed of cattle. 

 Their peculiar characteristics are, hornless, milk white, ears some- 

 times tipt with red, size and weight large, producing well to the 

 pail, and weighing, when full grown and fat, the cows 12 score per 

 quarter, and the male 15 score and upwards. One of these cows, 

 six years old, was weighed in Wolverhampton market, June 26, 

 1811, whose weight was 11 score lOlbs. or 230 Ibs. per quarter; 

 she had been milked three summers, and to Michaelmas 1810, 

 but having missed being in-calf, was then let dry, and fattened 

 with turnips and hay. This cow had probably produced 480 Ibs. 

 weight of cheese per annum from her milk, besid.es a calf 120 Ibs. 

 and whey butter from the dairy, &c. equal to 120 Ibs. more ; 

 this would be 2160 Ibs. weight of human food, besides its own 

 carcass (920 Ibs. more), and the eatable parts not weighed may be 

 reckoned 80 Ibs. making in all 3160 Ibs. weight of human food, 

 and principally of the richest and best quality. This cow had not 

 very probably cdnsumed more than the produce of 12 acres of land, 

 which gives the produce of the dairy at 263 l-3d Ibs. per acre per 

 annum of the best and richest of human food, and is much superior 

 to what can be produced by breeding oxen, or even sheep. 



This breed of cattle is well formed, and disposed to fatten, 

 handles sleek and well, with great weight in the more valuable 

 joints, and are of singular and beautiful appearance. They are not 

 derived from any particular country, breed, or descent : the originals 

 were selected at fairs and markets, and Mr. Miller bred the rest 

 himself, still selecting for rearing what he most approved, and 

 particularly the bull calves. There is now a full dairy, and suc- 

 cession stock, and any gentleman or farmer may be supplied with 

 calves of either sex for fearing. 



It appears, by some well-authenticated experiments, that dairy 

 cows would be the most profitable, if fed constantly in the cow-shed 

 or yard : in summer with cut-grass, vetches, lucern, or other green 

 food ; and in winter, with turnips, cabbages, and hay, or with grains 

 at any time. They produce more milk from being less harassed 

 in hot weather in procuring their food, and their dung, thus col- 

 lected, turns to better account as manure. 



When dairy cows are fed with turnips, if butter be made, a tainfc 

 or strong flavour is given to it from the turnips. To prevent this, 



