70] A TOPOGRAPHICAL 



are not sold during that season are kept in winter on turnips : a 

 little hay is given in severe weather. From the native or common 

 breeds of sheep, the lambs are often sold fat, but seldom from the 

 improved breed. Calves are oftentimes well fattened, especially 

 in the winter seasons, until six or eight weeks old or more, and to 

 30 or 40 Ibs. per quarter, and upwards. 



A good many hogs are fattened in this county, both for pork and 

 bacon : the food generally used in the country for fattening them, 

 is the refuse of the dairy, boiled potatoes mixed with barley or 

 bean-meal, and grey pease or pease-meal. In towns various kinds of 

 offal, and the refuse of the butcher's slaughter-house, with pollard, 

 bran, barley-meal, pease, and bean-meal, are the general food. 



A small pamphlet has been published by a Scotch farmer, called 

 the Grazier's Ready Reckoner, directing how the weight of fat 

 animals may be found by measure. We shall here give a short 

 dissection of the principle. 



The girt of a beast, calf, or sheep, is to be taken just behind the 

 shoulder and fore legs, and the length from the fore part of the 

 shoulder to a plumb line from the hind part of the buttock, allow- 

 ing a little for the protuberance ; the solid content in feet is then 

 to be found, and reckoning 42 Ibs. to the foot gives the weight of 

 the animal. The operation may be abridged as follows : 



Square the circumference ; multiply that product by the length 

 all in inches ; multiply the last product by 46, and point off 6 

 figures, and you have the true cylindric content of the animal, 

 weighing 42 Ibs. each foot. 



Example. Suppose a beast 80 inches circumference, and 60 inches 

 long; required its weight of butcher's meat 80X80X60X46= 

 17,664000, or 17,664 cubic feet, the true cylindric content of the 

 animal. 



1 7,664X42=741,888 lb. or 185,472 Ibs. per quarter, the weight 

 of butcher's meat, or 185f Ibs. per quarter. 



Rule 2: find the content timber measure thus: square one-fourth 

 of the circumference ; multiply by the length in feet, and divide 

 by 144, gives the feet timber measure, two-thirds of which is the 

 weight per quarter. 



Again: 20X20X5 feet=2000, divide by 144, gives 13,888 feet 

 content timber measure, two-thirds of which is 9 score 5 Ibs. and a 

 fraction per quarter, as before. If the animal be not fully fat, de- 

 duct one-twentieth part, and the same for a cow that has had calves. 



SHEEP. -Of the different varieties to be found in this county, 



