THE VALLEY OF THE SHADOW OF DEATH. 79 



ence, and had a Hindu as well as a Lama temple, the 

 former religion hardly extending any further into the 

 Himaliya, though one or two outlying villages beyond 

 belong to it. Both at Pangay and Earang I had 

 found the ordinary prayer- wheel used a brass or 

 bronze cylinder, about six inches long, and two or 

 three in diameter, containing a long scroll of paper, 

 on which were written innumerable reduplications of 

 the Lama prayer " Om ma ni pad ma houn " and 

 which is turned from left to right in the monk's hand 

 by means of an axle which passes through its centre. 

 But in the Lama temple at Jangi I found a still more 

 powerful piece of devotional machinery, in the shape 

 of a gigantic prayer-mill made of bronze, about seven 

 or eight feet in diameter, and which might be turned 

 either by the hand or by a rill of water which could 

 be made to fall upon it when water was in abundance. 

 This prayer contained I am afraid to say how many 

 millions of repetitions of the great Lama prayer ; and 

 the pious Ritualists of Jangi were justly proud of it, 

 and of the eternal advantages which it gave them 

 over their carnal and spiritually indifferent neigh- 

 bours. The neophyte who showed the prayer-mill 

 to me turned it with ease, and allowed me to send 

 up a million prayers. The temple at Jangi, with its 

 Tibetan inscriptions and paintings of Chinese devils, 

 told me that I was leaving the region of Hindu- 

 ism. At Lippe, where I stopped next day, all the 

 people appeared to be Tibetan ; and beyond that 



