PROPAGATION. 205 



Fig. 51. 



showing that though roots are produced at the base, 

 many are also emitted from the place near the sur- 

 face above alluded to. 



The advantages of propagating by cuttings is the 

 ease and expedition with which it is done. Several 

 kinds of trees and shrubs are raised from truncheons, 

 i. e. large poles or branches, as the willow, elder, 

 mulberry, &c. 



The circumstance of shoots taken from the top of 

 a tree so readily emitting roots when placed in a 

 suitable situation, is proof that the principles of roots 

 are present in every part of the simple stem, above 

 ground as well as below. Whether the radicle 

 fibre exists in an identical state in the envelope, or 



