PLATE XXXI. 



Class PISCES. 



ELASMOBRANCHII. 



THE SKATE (Raia). 



FIG. 1. MALE SKATE : VENTRAL ASPECT, x f . 



r. rostrum : n. right nostril : nb. naso-buccal groove : /. fronto-nasal 

 process : m. mouth with the jaws and teeth : I.-V. the five 

 branchial apertures : VI. rudimentary branchial aperture : 

 p. pectoral fin : pv. pelvic fin : cp. clasper : c. cloaca : a. abdo- 

 minal pores : t. tail. 



FIG. 2. DERMAL DENTICLE : SHOWING THE ROUNDED BASAL PIECE AND THE 

 SHORT SPINE, x 1. 



FIG. 3. TAIL : DORSAL VIEW, x . 



FIG. 4. HEAD : DORSAL VIEW, x . 

 e. eye : s. spiracle. 



FIG. 5. ABDOMINAL VISCERA, x . 



c. coracoid portion of the pectoral girdle : I. 1 , 1. 2 , 1. 3 right, middle and 

 left lobes of the liver : g. gall-bladder : d. duodenum : I. large 

 intestine : r. rectum : gl. rectal gland : s. stomach : sp. spleen : 

 p. pelvic girdle : c. cloaca : a. abdominal pore. 



FIG. 6. ALIMENTARY TRACT, x . 



ce. oesophagus: s. stomach cut open to show r. rugse: /. large 

 intestine with si. spiral valve : r. rectum : gl. rectal gland : c. 

 cloaca : a. abdominal pore. 



