PLATE XLVIII. 



Class AMPHIBIA continued. 

 THE FROG continued. 



FIG. 1. VERTEBRAL COLUMN : DORSAL VIEW. x 1-}. 



I. -VI II. first to eighth vertebrre: IX. ninth vertebra or " sacrum ": 

 us. urostyle. The pelvic girdle is shown in outline. 



FIG. 2. SINGLE VERTEBRA, x 2. 



I. 1 -!. 11 first or atlas vertebra: III. 1 -!!!. 11 third vertebra : VIII. 1 - 

 VIII. 11 eighth vertebra: IX. 1 -IX. 11 ninth or sacral 

 vertebra. 



FIG. 3. SKULL : VENTRAL VIEW, x 2. 



c.o. ex-occipital : p.s. parasphenoid : s.c. sphenethmoid : pi. palatine : 

 q.j. quadrato-jugal: pt. pteiygoid : s. squamosal : m. maxilla: 

 p.m. premaxilla: v. vomer : IV., II., III., V.-V1L, IX., X. 

 ibramina for the various cranial nerves. 



FIG. 4. SKULL : DORSAL VIEW, x 2. 



c.o. ex-occipital : o. c. occipital condyle : p.o. pro otic : p.f. parieto- 

 frontal: s.c. sphenethmoid: n. nasal: p.m. premaxilla: m. 

 niaxilla: q.j. quadrato-jugal: s. squamosal: pt. pteiygoid. 



FIG. 5. HYOID BONE, x 2. 



h. body of the hyoid : a. anterior cornu : p. posterior cornu (thyro- 



hyd). 



FIG. 6. SKULL, LOWER JAW, AND HYOID : SIDE VIEW, x 2. 



p.f. parieto-frontal : s.e. sphenethmoid : n. nasal : p.m. premaxilla : 

 m. maxilla : q.j. quadrato-jugal : pt. pteiygoid : s. squamosal : 

 a.s. angulo-splenial : d. dentary : m.m. mento-meckelian : 

 h. body of the hyoid : a. anterior cornu : p. posterior cornu. 



FIG. 7. SKULL : POSTERIOR VIEW, x 2. 



f.m. foramen magnum: o. c. occipital condyle: q.j. quadrato-jugal: 

 c. m. mandibular condyle. 



