HANDBOOK OF BRITISH HKPATIC^E. 21 



SYSTEMATIC ARRANGEMENT. 



ORDER. HEPATIC^. 

 Fertile sacs opening regularly or irregu- 

 larly, without any definite lid ; borders of the 

 fissure naked, not provided with any series 

 of teeth (peristome), single or double. 



Sub-order I. JUNGERMA NNIA CE;R. 



Fruit solitary, capsular, four-valved, valves 

 splitting, rarely torn. Elaters mixed with 

 the spores. Vegetation either foliose or 

 frondose. 



TRIBE I. JUBULE^E, Dum. 



Ramification everywhere lateral. Leaves 

 always alternate, incubous, complicately-bilo- 

 bate, inferior lobule smaller, commonly in- 

 flated or saccate. Female flowers monogynous, 



