22 HANDBOOK OF BRITISH HEPATIC^. 



or i-4-gynous. Capsule from the apex to 

 two-thirds of its length four-valved, the lower 

 third part solid. Elaters of one spiral, trun- 

 cate, persistent. Spruce Hep. Amaz. p. V. 

 (1884). 



GENUS i. FRULLANIA, Raddi. 



Involucre indistinct, conforming to the 

 leaves. Perianth three-cornered, constricted 

 at the apex, doubly keeled at the back, mucron- 

 ate at the apex ; capsule four-valved, bearing 

 the elaters in the middle, peduncle short; ela- 

 ters unispiral, persistent. Jung. Etr. XVIII. , 

 p. 20 (1820). 



Branches within the axils, cauline leaves ad- 

 joining the base inwards and free. Leaves sub- 

 transverse, stout, for the most part entire, wall of 

 the cells thickened, with trigones at the angles, 

 rather large. Leaflets constantly present, sub- 

 floral innovations none. Female flowers 2-4- 

 gynous, bracts multijugate. Cells of pedicel of 

 lour-strata, concentric (8 in. diameter of section, 

 32 in. circumference), sub-equal, alternate, joined 

 together. Internal face of the capsule papillosely 

 spongy. Spruce. 



The leaves of Frullania stand on a very small 

 base, rarely half embracing the stem, and are almost 

 exactly transverse. There is no decurrence of both 

 lobe and lobule, which is an almost constant feature 

 in Lejeunia. Underleaves, or stipules, are con- 



