HANDBOOK OF BRITISH HEPATIC^. 23 



stantly present, while in a few species of Lejeunia 

 they are altogether absent. They are almost 

 always broad, and at the apex bifid, very rarely 

 entire. Radicles are produced, where needed, as 

 in other hepatics. The female flowers are mostly 

 acrogenous. The pistillidia vary in number from 

 two to four. The calyptra is fleshy, as much as 

 six or eight cells thick below the middle. The 

 capsule in this genus, and the rest of Jubulea, is 

 described as cloven into four valves, down only to 

 a certain distance, which is about two-thirds, but 

 entire at the broad, pale, fleshy base. Dr. Spruce 

 considers it more correct to regard this entire 

 portion as the dilated apex of the pedicel, ana- 

 logous to the apophysis of some mosses. The 

 apophysis in Frullania has the form of a shallow 

 cup, only two or three cells thick, where it joins 

 the true base of the valves, increasing to six or 

 seven cells thick where it coalesces with the cylin- 

 drical stalk. The inner face of the capsule is covered 

 with an opaque, reddish-brown cell-stratum, very 

 uneven in its surface, reaching to the base of the 

 true valves. Elaters and spores are developed in 

 the capsule, only so far down as this discoloured, 

 spongy surface extends. The structure of the 

 capsule, and its contained organs, is essentially 

 the same in other Jubulecs as in Frullania. The 

 foregoing is a summary of the remarks, under 

 " Frullania," in Spruce's " Hepaticae of the Ama- 

 zons," p. 6. 



Frullania dilatata, ., 



Loosely and vaguely pinnate. Leaves or- 



