5O HANDBOOK OF BRITISH HEPATIC^. 



cylindrical, dehiscing to the base in four 

 valves. Elaters almost always with two 

 spirals, rarely with one spiral, or three to 

 four, deciduous. Spruce Hep. Amaz., p. vi. 



Distinct by the polygynous female flowers, pedicel 

 not at all or scarcely dilated at the apex, never 

 into a solid apophysis as in Jubulece. Capsule pro- 

 ducing spores and elaters on its entire inner surface, 

 four-valved to the base. Elaters bispiral rarely 

 monospiral, deciduous. 



SECTION A. Elaters normally bispiral. 

 Sub-Tribe I. RADULE&. 



Branches all lateral, infra-axillary ; leaves 

 incubous, leaflets none ; perianth from the 

 front almost always compressed, mouth broad, 

 truncate. Spr. 



GKNUS 4. RADULA, Dumort. 



Involucre indistinct, conforming to the 

 leaves ; perichaetial leaves bilobed, condupli- 

 cate; perianth flattened at the back, mouth 

 truncate, entire, not laterally split ; capsule 

 four-valved, semi-pellucid, cellular, funnel- 



