138 HANDBOOK OF BRITISH HEPATICJE. 



brown colour, mixed with mosses. Stems erect, 2 to 3 



inches long, thread- 

 like, flexuous, for 

 the most part sim- 

 ple, now and then 

 forked, rigid, and 

 brittle. Leaves 

 quadrifarious, and 

 imbricate on both 

 sides of the stem, 

 those at the back 

 the largest, plane, distichous, vertical, widely ovate. 

 Superior leaves scarcely half so large as the rest, 

 obliquely adpressed to them, form nearly cordate, 

 the whole are ciliately toothed at the margins, dark 

 brown, the texture thin and membranaceous (fig. 

 97). 



Scapania aspera, Mull 



Dioicous. Stems simple, radiculose, leaves 

 transverse, unequally bilobod, margin ciliate, 

 epidermis minutely warted ; bracts larger than 

 upper leaves; perianth projecting, compressed, 

 mouth truncate, ciliate. 



Scapania aspera, Mull, and Bern. Cat. Hep. 

 Sud-Ouest (188); Gott. and Rab. Exs. No. 

 602; Journ. Bot. Dec., 1892, t. 329. 



On limestone rocks. (Plate j, fig. 39.) 



Dioicous, loosely depressedly csespitose, of a 

 reddish or olive brown colour. Stems 2 inches 

 long, simple or slightly branched, firm, blackish, 

 recurved at the apex, naked at the base, radi- 



